It may be said, for instance, that … there is a continued chain of necessary causes, pre-ordained and pre-determined, reaching from the original cause of all to every single volition, of every human creature. — Hume, Of Liberty and Necessity

while we act… presents a tangibilisation of the philosophy of pre-determinism, paralleling the divine-human relationship with that between the artist and a set of four pre-programmed motors. The artwork dissects the flat perspective of being, through creating an exploded view and an illusion of the third dimension. Space is hence defined as existence in time, and the viewer is positioned as an observer of time — beyond existence, yet simultaneously existing.